Who holds the most political power in Iran?

• A. The President
• B. The Majles
• C. The Guardian Council
• D. The Supreme Leader

Answer: (D)

The Supreme Leader holds the most political power in Iran. This position sits at the top of both the religious and political system, giving ultimate authority over major state functions. The Leader controls the core levers of power: the armed forces and security agencies, the judiciary through key appointments, and influential state institutions like the media. He can shape foreign and defense policy, and he has the authority to appoint or dismiss the heads of important bodies, including the Guardian Council in large part, which in turn can approve or disqualify candidates and veto legislation. The Leader can also dismiss the president, ensuring that the executive branch operates within the bounds of the Leader’s vision. While the President and the Majles play significant roles in governance, their powers are constrained by the Guardian Council and, above all, by the Supreme Leader’s overarching authority.