What was the purpose of the 1979 constitution?

• A. To establish a secular monarchy
• B. To dissolve religious influence
• C. To establish the Islamic Republic and governance structure
• D. To grant full rights to the Pahlavi Foundation

Answer: (C)

This question tests understanding of what the 1979 constitution established in Iran: a theocratic Islamic Republic with a governance structure that blends elected institutions with ultimate religious authority. The constitution created a system where major political power sits with a Supreme Leader who oversees the state and can guide or override other branches. It also set up bodies like the Guardian Council to ensure laws and elections conform to Islamic law, and the Assembly of Experts to appoint the Supreme Leader. While elected offices like the President and Parliament exist for day-to-day governance, they operate under the framework and constraints of religious oversight, with Sharia serving as the basis of law. This shift came after the revolution that toppled the monarchy and aimed to embed Islamic principles at the core of state power. So, the purpose was to establish the Islamic Republic and its governance structure.