What is the primary function of the Expediency Discernment Council?

• A. To oversee the budget and fiscal policy.
• B. To supervise the judiciary and approve judges.
• C. To draft the annual state budget for parliament.
• D. To resolve disputes between the Majles and the Guardian Council and to advise on policy.

Answer: (D)

In Iran’s system, the Expediency Discernment Council serves as a mediator and advisory body for the highest levels of governance. Its primary function is to resolve disputes between the parliament (Majles) and the Guardian Council, such as when they disagree on legislation or constitutional alignment. It can also advise the Supreme Leader on policy matters, helping to shape direction when legislative and constitutional interpretations clash.

This role is distinct from budgeting or judiciary supervision. Oversight of the budget and fiscal policy lies with the legislative process and the executive, and the judiciary has its own separate structure. The Expediency Discernment Council isn’t tasked with drafting the annual budget or supervising judges; instead, it steps in to break legislative deadlocks and provide policy guidance to the leadership.