What expansions were made during the Pahlavi administration?

• A. The army expanded; new democratic parties formed
• B. The Pahlavi Foundation grew, owning billions and many companies; the Resurgence Party claimed to be the only legitimate party
• C. The religious establishment gained control of educational institutions
• D. The Majles gained absolute power

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is how the Pahlavi regime expanded its control by turning economic and political power into tools of domination. The Pahlavi Foundation grew into a massive economic empire, owning billions in assets and controlling a wide range of companies. This gave the monarchy not just wealth, but a powerful channel to influence industry, employment, and patronage across the country. At the same time, the Shah established the Rastakhiz (Resurgence) Party as the sole legal party, collapsing political pluralism and ensuring that political life operated under the monarchy’s direction. Together, these moves show how the regime broadened its reach by integrating economic power with a one-party political system, rather than expanding democratic institutions or increasing the powers of other actors.