In Iran's foreign policy, which actors primarily set strategy?

• A. Leader and security organs set strategy
• B. Foreign Ministry implements policy
• C. Parliament shapes policy
• D. Guardian Council oversees the judiciary

Answer: (A)

In Iran, who sets foreign-policy strategy is the Supreme Leader and the security organs. The Leader holds the ultimate say over national security and foreign affairs, and the security establishment—especially the Revolutionary Guards and its security services—acts as the main instrument through which those strategic intents are carried out. Together, they shape long‑term goals, red lines, and major policy directions, with the Leader providing the overarching direction.

The Foreign Ministry handles diplomacy and implements the strategy approved by those higher authorities, but it does not set the strategic course by itself. Parliament can debate and influence policy through legislation and oversight, but it does not control the core strategic direction of foreign policy. The Guardian Council’s role is constitutional vetting and political oversight, not directing foreign policy strategy.