How can the Majles remove or challenge ministers or the president?

• A. The Majles can dismiss the President by simple majority
• B. The Majles can only impeach ministers
• C. The Majles can question ministers and impeach them; removing the President requires broader political alignment and Leader involvement
• D. The Majles has no power over ministers

Answer: (C)

The key idea is how parliamentary oversight works in practice. The Majles has formal tools to keep the executive in check by holding ministers accountable: it can summon ministers, question them, and, with enough support, impeach them. This creates a mechanism to remove underperforming or noncompliant ministers without toppling the entire government.

But removing the president is not just a parliamentary action. The president is the head of the executive and is elected, so any move to remove him requires broader political support and, crucially, involvement from the Leader, who holds the highest constitutional authority and can influence or authorize such a move. This layered structure means that while ministers can be questioned and impeached by the Majles, the president’s removal hinges on wider support and the Leader’s participation, reflecting the balance between elected bodies and the Leader’s overarching role.